Author: Winklet Gallimore ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine specimens of the Jamaican Ball sponge Cinachyrella kuekenthali, collected from two proximal locations approximately 10 km apart on the North Coast of the island at comparable depths of … Continue reading
Authors: Sufia Irfan, Aishah Mohammed Motir Alatawi ABSTRACT Aquatic ecosystems support a substantial source of the earth’s biological diversity. They are an essential reservoir and share an enormous proportion of earth’s biological productivity. Both aquatic resources and its biodiversity are … Continue reading
Authors: Rita Anastácio, Sérgio Cardoso, Mário Jorge Pereira ABSTRACT To avoid wildlife-human conflict several solutions are used, like electrical fences, the most expensive solution. Nowadays, technology enables alternative and cheaper approaches for conservation projects. A technological device was developed to … Continue reading
Authors: Teodora Luz S. Mangahas, Rosemarie R. Casimiro, Arneil G. Gabriel ABSTRACT The social and cultural norms shape gender roles which sometimes deprive women of the opportunity to prepare for natural calamities. But the disastrous effect of natural disasters spares … Continue reading
Authors: Elham Mirrasooli, Rasoul Ghorbani, Masoud Molaei ABSTRACT Due to decreasing water quality of the Ziarat River, which is one of the most important rivers for drinking water in Gorgan, it is necessary to manage this river. The purpose of … Continue reading
Author(s)： Kei-Ichi Tainaka1, Tsuyoshi Hashimoto ABSTRACT Mutualisms are cooperative interactions between members of different species. We focus on obligate mutualism, where each species cannot survive without the other. From a theoretical aspect, obligate mutualism is similar to the relationship between … Continue reading